ORIGEN ON JOSHUA 5:14 SAYS IT WAS MICHAEL THE ARCH-ANGEL!
GREEK
TEXT: “...Διὰ τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ ὁ Ἀπόστολος
ἡμῖν ἔλεγε περιτομὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ,
οὐκ ἐν τῇ ἀπεκδύσει τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν.
[JOSHUA 5:14 LXX]: Ἐγὼ
ἀρχιστράτηγος τῆς δυνάμεως Κυρίου,
νῦν παραγέγονα. Μεμνῆσθαι δεῖ ὅτι
ἡνίκα ἐμοσχοποίη σαν ὁ Θεὸς τῷ Μωϋσεῖ
φησιν, ὅτι «Ἀνάγαγε τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον,
οὐ γὰρ μὴ συναναβῶ διὰ τὸ τὸν λαὸν
σκληρο τράχηλον εἶναι. [EXODUS 32:34 LXX]:
Καὶ ἰδοὺ ἀποστελῶ τὸν
ἄγγελόν μου πρὸ προσώπου σου.
Πρόσεχε οὖν σεαυτῷ, καὶ μὴ ἀπείθει.»
Ὁ δὲ Μωϋσῆς πρὸς αὐτόν φησιν· «Εἰ
μὴ συνανέρχῃ ἡμῖν, μή με ἀναγάγῃς
ἐντεῦθεν.» Καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν ἔπεισε·
καὶ ἦν μετὰ τοῦ λαοῦ, ἕως τῆς τελευτῆς
Μωϋσῆ. Μετὰ δὲ τὴν τούτου ἀποβίωσιν,
φαίνεται μὲν καὶ διαλέγεται τῷ τοῦ
Ναυῆ Ἰησοῦ. Μετὰ γοῦν τὴν ἐπιστασίαν
τοῦ λαοῦ εἰς τὸν μαθητὴν Μωϋσέως
λοιπὸν παραδίδωσιν αὐτὸν [DANIEL 10
LXX]: τῷ ἀρχιστρατήγῳ τῷ
Μιχαήλ. Οὗτος ἦν ἄρχων τοῦ λαοῦ, ὡς
ἐν τῷ Δανιὴλ φαίνεται λέγων ἕτερος
ἄγγελος. [JOSHUA 6:9 LXX]: Πορευόμενοι
καὶ σαλπίζοντες. Αὐταὶ αἱ σάλπιγγες,
σύμβολόν εἰσι τῶν ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ
ἡμέρᾳ. [1 THESSALONIANS 4:16] «Αὐτὸς
γὰρ, φησὶν, ὁ Κύριος ἐν κελεύσματι,
ἐν φωνῇ ἀρχαγγέλου, καὶ ἐν σάλπιγγι
Θεοῦ καταβήσεται ἀπ' [12.824]
οὐρανοῦ.»...” - (Sections
12.821-12.824; Selecta in Jesum Nave ΩΡΙΓΕΝΟΥΣ ΕΙΣ ΙΗΣΟΥΝ
ΝΑΥΗ ΕΚΛΟΓΑΙ. MPG.)
ORIGEN
OF ALEXANDRIA (circa 185-253 C.E.): “...For
this is also said through the Apostle: [COLOSSIANS 2:11]: “The
circumcision from Christ does not consist in the putting off of the
flesh on my part.” [JOSHUA 5:14 LXX]: “I
AM CHIEF GENERAL OF THE POWER[S] OF [THE] LORD – HAVE NOW COME TO
[YOUR] AID!” For you must remember that when [they] made a
golden calf, your God said to Moses: [EXODUS 33 LXX]: “Lead
this people up-out-of [Egypt], for I shall not ascent to accompany
[you], through this people being so stiff necked [and] obstinate!
FOR BEHOLD! I SHALL SEND ON A MISSION THEE
ANGEL OF MINE{*} BEFORE YOUR
FACE. Therefore attentively devote [yourself] to ( him ),
[because of] Me, and may [you] not disobey ([him]).” But Moses said
toward ( him ): “If it is not you [who] comes out with us, then
neither shall you lead me out [either].” And, having said this of
him, he was persuaded. Thus it was, that ( he )
accompanied the people, until Moses passed away. But after this ones
passing away, ( he ) appeared to Joshua [the son of] Nun, who
conversed with [him]. After
this, for a certainty,
[Latin
supplies:
“God”]
gAVE
OVER [TO] HIM, THE DISCIPLE OF MOSES, [AND] THEREAFTER, THE PEOPLE,
INTO
THE
CARE AND DOMINION OF THIS CHEIF GENERAL, MICHAEL.
[DANIEL 10 LXX]: THIS ( ONE ) WAS
PRINCE OF THE PEOPLE, as was said by a
different Angel that appeared in the [book] of Daniel. [JOSHUA
6:9 LXX]: “As they walked playing their trumpets.” These themselves, their trumpets sounding [for war], being a portent of
things in the last days: [1st
THESSALONIANS 4:16]: “Himself” As, it says: “The Lord with
a generals battle call, with [the] voice of [the] Arch-Angel, and
with [the] trumpet of God, will descend from [12.824] heaven...”
- (Sections 12.821-12.824; Selecta in Jesum Nave ΩΡΙΓΕΝΟΥΣ
ΕΙΣ ΙΗΣΟΥΝ ΝΑΥΗ ΕΚΛΟΓΑΙ, MPG, Translated by
Matt13weedhacker 28/11/2011-Revised
3/12/11.)
[FOOTNOTE
*]: Gk., ( τὸν ἄγγελόν μου
) literally: “...thee Angel of Me...” or “...My Personal
Angel...”
[FOOTNOTE
^]: Gk., ( ἐπιστασίαν )
or “...authority, dominion over...”
[FOOTNOTE]:
Compare Hippolytus,
“Commentary on Daniel” Book 4, Chapter 40:4-5 Gk., ( τίς δὲ
ἐστιν Μιχαἠ ) = Gk., ( ὁ ἄγγελος […] ὁ
ἄγγελος μου )
LATIN
TEXT: “...Ideo enim Apostolus quoque circumcisionem vocat
Christi non in exspoliatione carnis nostrae. [JOSHUA 5:14]:
“Ego sum Princeps militiae virtutis Domini
: nune adveni.” Meminisse oportet, quando conflaverunt vitulum,
tunc Deum Moysi dicere: [EXODUS 32:34]: “Deduc populum
istum, non enim simul ascendam, quia populus dura cervice est. Et
ecce mittam Angelum meum ante faciem tuam. Attende ergo tibi
nec esto inobediens. Cui Moyses respondet: Si non ipse simul veneris,
ne me educas hinc.” Quibus dictis ei persuasit, et cum populo suit
nsque ad obitum Moysis, quo mortuo apparet Jesu filio Nave, et cum
eo colloquitur. Postquam ergo populus in Moysis discipulum oculos
defixos habuit, tradidit illum Deus Principi
militiae suae, Michaeli. [DANIEL 10]:
Ilic erat Princeps populi, ut in Daniele
videtur dicere alter angelus. “Ambutantes et clangentes.”
Hae tubae symbolum sunt eorum quae in novissima die contingent : [1st
THESSALONIANS 4:16] “Ipse,” enim
inquit, “Dominus in jussu, in voce Archangeli
et in tuba Dei descendet de caelo...” - (Pages 822-823,
SELECTA IN JESUM NAVE, ORIGENIS, MPG.)
ORIGEN
OF ALEXANDRIA (circa 185-253 C.E.):
“...Therefore, as the Apostle also calls [it]: “circumcision
from of the Christ is not the putting off of our flesh.” [JOSHUA
5:14]: “I AM CHEIF-PRINCE OF THE MILITARY
POWER[S] OF THE LORD : HAVE NOW COME!” It is necessary to
remember, when they forged [out of gold] that calf, God then said to
Moses: [EXODUS 32:34]: “Lead this people! For I shall not go
up at the same time, as this people is stiff knecked. And, behold! I
WILL SEND MY PERSONAL ANGEL, BEFORE THY FACE. YOU SHOULD
ATTEND TO [HIS WORDS] AND NOT BE DISOBEDIENT.” To which Moses
replies: “If You do not come at the same time, neither bring me out
from here.” With these words, he was persuasive. And he was with
the people until the death of Moses. After this one's death, he
appeared to Jesus the son of Nun, and coverses with him. Once the
people had their eye's re-focused on Moses disciple, GOD
DELIVERED HIM UP TO [Ltn., ( Principi militiae suae, Michaeli. )] THE
CHEIF-PRINCE OF HIS MILITARY FORCES, MICHAEL.
[DANIEL 10]:
At once he is the Prince of the people, as another Angel that
appeared says in the [book of] Daniel. “Marching and sounding
trumpets.” These are a symbol of their trumpet [call] which will
happen in the last days: [1st
THESSALONIANS 4:16]: “For,
Himself,” he says: “The Lord, by [his] order, with the voice of
the Arch-Angel and the trumpet of God, shall descend from heaven...”
- (PAGES 822-823, SELECTIONS IN JESUS THE SON OF
NAVE, ORIGEN MPG, Translated by Matt13weedhacker 28/11/2011-Revised
3/12/11.)
Compare
Joshua
5:14:
Old
Itala/Vetus Latina/Pre-Vulgate OT:
“...Ille
autem dixit : Ego sum ( Dux ) virtutis Domini, nunc adveni...”
Matt13weedhacker
Vetus Latina translation:
“...And
he said: I am the Duke{*} of the power of the Lord, now
come...”
[FOOTNOTE
*]: Or “...Leader...”
Vulgate:
“...Qui
respondit : Nequaquam : Sed sum ( Princeps ) exercitus Domini, &
nunc venio...”
Matt13weedhacker
Vulgate translation:
“...he
answered: No: but I am the First-Prince of army of the Lord, and now
I come...”
Compare
also 1st
Thessalonians 4:16:
Latin:
Biblia Sacra Vulgata
“...quoniam ipse Dominus in iussu et in voce archangeli et in tuba Dei descendet de caelo et mortui qui in Christo sunt resurgent primi...”
“...quoniam ipse Dominus in iussu et in voce archangeli et in tuba Dei descendet de caelo et mortui qui in Christo sunt resurgent primi...”
Nova
[New or Revised] Vulgata
“...quoniam
ipse Dominus in iussu, in voce archangeli et in tuba Dei descendet de
caelo, et mortui, qui in Christo sunt, resurgent primi...”
Ltn.,
( PRINCEPS ), cĭpis, adj. and
I.
subst. comm. [primus-capio], first in time or order (syn. Primus).
[...] first, in front, in advance, […] B. The first, chief, the
most eminent, distinguished, or noble (syn. primores):
II.
As subst.: princeps , cĭpis, m., the first man, first person:
“princeps senatŭs,” the first senator on the censor's list, the
first member of the Senate, […] B. Esp., the first, chief,
principal, most distinguished person: […] —In the time of the
emperors this was also a title of honor given to the prince, the heir
to the empire, Tac. A. 1, 3: “sacerdotum,” the high-priest, Vulg.
Act. 4, 6. — C. A chief, head, author, originator, leader,
contriver, etc.: [...]
D.
A chief, superior, director (ante- and post-class.): […] E. A
prince, i. e. a ruler, sovereign, emperor (poet. and post-Aug.): F.
In milit[ary] lang[uage]: […] 2. A centurion or captain of the
principes: princeps prior, the first captain of the principes, Caes.
B. C. 3, 64 fin.: “princeps tertiae legionis,” Liv. 25, 14; cf.
id. 42, 34.— 3. The office of centurion of the principes, the
centurionship or captaincy of the principes: mihi primus princeps
prioris centuriae est adsignatus, the first captaincy of the
principes, Liv. 42, 34, 8.—Comp.: “omnium priorum principum
principiorem, si dici fas est,” Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 1.
A
Latin Dictionary. Founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin
dictionary. revised, enlarged, and in great part rewritten by.
Charlton T. Lewis, Ph.D. and. Charles Short, LL.D. Oxford. Clarendon
Press. 1879.
Ltn.,
( PRĪNCEPS ), cipis, adj.
primus+CAP-,
first in order, foremost : se principes ex omnibus bellum facturos
pollicentur, Cs.: in fugā postremus, in periculo princeps: princeps
Horatius ibat, in front , L.: principes pecuniae pollicendae
fuerunt, took the lead in : princeps in haec verba iurat, Cs.: ut
principes talem nuntium attulisse viderentur, might be the first ,
Cs.: matri Qui dederit princeps oscula, O.: Princeps ante omnīs
agebat Agmen, first of all , V.: qualitatum aliae sunt principes,
original : addere principi Limo particulam, H.— The first, chief,
most eminent, most noble : longe omnium gravitate princeps Plato:
terrarum populus, L.— Prov.: Principibus placuisse viris non
ultima laus est, H.—As subst m., the first man, first person :
senatūs, first on the roll , S.: principes sententiarum consulares,
who were first asked for their opinion , L.— The first, chief,
leader, foremost man : in re p. principes esse: iuventutis, one of
the noblest of the Roman knights : trecenti principes iuventutis
Romanae, i. e. patrician youths , L.: (pueri) aequalium principes,
first among their fellows. —A chief, head, author, founder,
originator, leader, contriver : Zeno eorum (Stoicorum):
Argonautarum, i. e. Jason : principes inferendi belli, Cs.:
sententiae in senatu: eius consili principes, Cs.: equitum, at the
head of , Iu.: familiae suae, founder , L.— A prince, ruler,
sovereign, emperor : hic ames dici pater atque princeps, H.:
principis uxor, Iu.—In the army, plur., orig., the foremost line ;
hence, the heavy-armed, second line of soldiers ; cf. totidem
princeps habebat Corpora (poet. for principes), O.— A company of
the principes : primi principis signum, of the first company of the
heavyarmed , L.: octavum principem duxit, was centurion of the
eighth maniple.—A centurion of the principes : princeps prior,
first captain of the principes , Cs.: tertiae legionis, L.— The
office of centurion of the principes, captaincy of the principes :
mihi primus princeps prioris centuriae est adsignatus, i. e.
centurion of the first century of the first maniple , L.
I.
a leader, conductor, guide (for syn. cf.: imperator, ductor,
tyrannus, rex, princeps, praetor, auctor).
I.
In gen.: “illis non ducem locorum, non exploratorem fuisse,”
Liv. 9, 5, 7; cf. “itineris,” Curt. 5, 4: “itinerum,” Caes.
B. G. 6, 17, 1: “regendae civitatis (with auctor publici
consilii),” Cic. de Or. 3, 17, 63: “dux isti quondam et magister
ad despoliandum Dianae templum fuit,” Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 21: “nil
desperandum Teucro duce et auspice Teucro,” Hor. C. 1, 7, 27: “tu
dux et comes es,” Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 119; id. P. 4, 12, 23 et saep.
—In the fem., Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71; id. Lael. 5, 19; id. Div. 2,
40; id. Tusc. 1, 12, 27; Verg. A. 1, 364; Ov. M. 3, 12; 14, 121 et
saep.—
II.
In partic., in milit. lang., a leader, commander, general-in-chief.
A.
Prop., Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 2; 2, 23, 4 (with qui summam imperii
tenebat); 3, 18, 7; “3, 23, 3 et saep.—Prov.: ducis in consilio
posita est virtus militum,” Pub. Syr. 136 (Rib.). Also a
lieutenant-general, general of division (cf. duco, I. B. 5. b., and
imperator), as opp. to the imperator, Caes. B. G. 3, 21, 1; Cic.
Off. 3, 26, 99; id. Fl. 12, 27; Tac. H. 3, 37 al.—
B.
Transf. beyond the milit. sphere, a leader, chief, head: “dux
regit examen,” Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 23; cf. “gregis, i. e. aries,”
Ov. M. 5, 327; 7, 311; so, “pecoris,” Tib. 2, 1, 58; “but dux
gregis = pastor,” id. 1, 10, 10: “armenti, i. e. taurus,” Ov.
M. 8, 884; “of the head of a sect of philosophers,” Lucr. 1,
638; cf. Quint. 5, 13, 59; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13.
DVC-,
a leader, conductor, guide : itineris periculique, S.: locorum, L.:
iis ducibus, qui, etc., guided by , Cs.: Teucro duce, H.: Hac (bove)
duce carpe vias, O.—Of troops, a commander, general - in - chief :
Helvetiorum, Cs.: hostium, S.— A lieutenant-general, general of
division (opp. imperator), Cs. — In gen., a commander, ruler,
leader, chief, head, author, ringleader, adviser, promoter : ad
despoliandum Diane templum: me uno togato duce: optimae sententiae:
femina facti, V.: dux regit examen, H.: armenti (i. e. taurus), O.:
Te duce, while you are lord , H.—Fig., a guide, master, adviser,
counsellor : natura bene vivendi: Sine duce ullo pervenire ad hanc
improbitatem: quo me duce tuter (i. e. magister), H.
VIRTUTIS
= noun sg masc gen B. Transf., of animals, and of inanimate or
abstract things, goodness, worth, value, power, strength, etc. B.
Moral perfection, virtuousness, virtue.
H.—Goodness,
moral perfection, high character, virtue: C. Military talents,
courage, valor, bravery, gallantry, fortitude (syn. fortitudo)
EXERCITUS
= part sg perf pass masc nom
I.
gen. sing. exerciti, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 103 P.; Att. Trag. Fragm.
150, 311 (Rib. p. 155, 177); Varr. ap. Non. 485, 16 sq. EXERCITVIS,
acc. to Non. ib. 11, without example. EXERCITVVS, Inscr. Orell.
4922.—Dat.: “exercitu,” Caes. B. C. 3, 96; Liv. 9, 5; 9, 41;
22, 1 al.), m. exerceo. *
I.
Lit., exercise: “pro exercitu gymnastico et palaestrico, etc.,”
Plaut. Rud. 2, 1, 7.—
B.
Transf., concr., in milit. lang., an exercised, disciplined body of
men, an army (syn.: “agmen, acies, phalanx, caterva, manus,
legiones): exercitum non unam cohortem neque unam alam dicimus, sed
numeros multos militum. Nam exercitui praeesse dicimus eum, qui
legionem vel legiones administrat,” Dig. 3, 2, 2: horrescit telis
exercitus asper utrimque, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Ann. v. 385, ed.
Vahl.); Enn. Ann. 14, 13: “exercitum comparare,” Cic. Phil. 4,
3, 6: “abire in exercitum,” Plaut. Am. prol. 102; 125: “venire
ab exercitu,” id. ib. 140: “adesse ad exercitum,” id. ib. 1,
3, 6: “e castris educere exercitum,” id. ib. 1, 1, 61 (cf.: “ex
oppido legiones educere,” id. ib. v. 63); cf.: “exercitum
conscribere, comparare,” id. ib. 5, 13, 36: “parare,” Sall. C.
29, 3: “scribere,” Liv. 2, 43, 5: “conficere,” Cic. Phil. 5,
16, 43; id. de Imp. Pomp. 21, 61: “facere,” id. Phil. 5, 8, 23:
“conflare,” id. ib. 4, 6, 15: “contrahere,” Caes. B. G. 1,
34, 3: “cogere,” id. ib. 3, 17, 2; Sall. J. 10, 4: “ducere,”
Cic. Mur. 9, 20: “ductare,” Sall. C. 11, 5; 17, 7:
“transducere,” Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 1 et saep.—As a land army,
in opposition to a naval army or fleet: “eodem tempore et
exercitus ostendebatur et classis intrabat portum,” Liv. 26, 42,
2. As infantry, in opposition to cavalry: “(Caesar) exercitum
equitatumque castris continuit,” Caes. B. G. 2, 11, 2; 7, 61, 2;
1, 48, 4; Liv. 30, 36, 8; 40, 52, 6; cf. Drak. id. 28, 1, 5.—
2.
Transf.
(a).
The assembly of the people in the Centuria Comitiata, as being a
military organization, Varr. L. L. 6, 9, § 88; cf. Gell. 15, 27
fin.; Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 50; 52.—
(b).
Poet., in gen., a multitude, host, swarm, flock: “corvorum,”
Verg. G. 1, 382; id. A. 5, 824; Sil. 11, 413.—
(g).
A troop, body of attendants, etc.: “huic illut dolet, quia
remissus est edundi exercitus,” Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 50: “remissum
imperare exercitum,” id. ib. v. 52.—*
II.
(Acc. to exerceo, II. C.) Trouble, affliction: “Noli, obsecro,
lacrimis tuis mihi exercitum imperare,” Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 60.
exerceo,
a disciplined body of men, army : terrestris, L.: tiro, L.:
pedester, N.: exercitum dimittere, T.: comparare: parare, S.:
scribere, L.: contrahere, Cs.: ducere: cum exercitu venit: exercitum
equitatumque castris continuit, infantry , Cs.: exercitūs
conveniunt, S.— A multitude, host, swarm, flock : corvorum, V.
MILITIAE
= “...military body or service...”
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